Timeline

• 10.11.1524
• Esslingen Imperial Coinage Order:
  - Cologne mark (233.856 grams) is proclaimed the coinage weight for the Empire
  - Guldiner (of 21 Groschen) becomes the principal Imperial coin: 8 Guldiner to the Cologne mark silver 15 lot (Guldiner = 27'404.95mg AG fine)
• 28.07.1551
• 1st Augsburg Imperial Coinage Order:
  - Guldiner (of 72 Kreuzer) is revised: 7½ Guldiner to the Cologne mark silver 14¹⁄₉ lot (Guldiner = 27'499.69mg AG fine).
• 19.08.1559
• 2nd Augsburg Imperial Coinage Order:
  - Guldiner (of 60 Kreuzer) is revised: 9½ Guldiner to the Cologne mark silver 14⁸⁄₉ lot (Guldiner = 22'906.91mg AG fine)
  - Rhenish Gold Guilder becomes the gold coin for the Empire: 72 Guilder to the Cologne mark gold 18½ carats (Gold Guilder = 2'503.66mg AU fine).
• 30.05.1566
• Augsburg Coinage Edict (the edict is undated, the Imperial Diet (Reichstag) ended on 30.05.1566):
  - Species Thaler (of 68 Kreuzer) becomes the principal Imperial coin: 9 Thaler to the Cologne Mark fine silver (Thaler = 25'983.96mg AG fine)
  - Ducat becomes the gold coin for the Empire: 67 Ducats to the Cologne Mark gold 23⅔ carats (Ducat = 3'441.90g AU fine).
• 27.08.1667
• Zinna Agreement between Brandenburg and the Electorate of Saxony, later joined by Brunswick-Lüneburg:
  - Thaler (of 24 Groschen) becomes the principal coin of the states: 10½ Thalers to the Cologne mark fine silver (Thaler = 22,271.96g AG fine).
• 16.01.1690
  28.02.1690
• Agreement between Brandenburg and Electoral Saxony and Brunswick-Lüneburg:
  - Thaler is revised: 12 Thalers to the Cologne mark fine silver (Thaler = 19,487.97mg AG fine)
• 15.04.1737
  01.09.1738
• Leipzig Imperial Coinage Order, takes over the "Zinna" Thaler:
  - Thaler (of 24 Groschen and à 1½ Guilders) becomes the principal Imperial coin: 12 Thalers to the Cologne mark fine silver (Thaler = 19,487.97mg AG fine).

Timeline

• 14.07.1750
• Prussian coinage edict (after J.P. Graumann), revises the Leipzig Thaler and adopts the Pistol as gold coin at nominally 5 Thalers; effective on ??.??.????:
  - the edict was suspended during the Seven Years' War and restored on 29.03.1764
  - 01.01.1832: New rating of the Pistol to 5⅔ Thalers
• ??.??.1750
• Start of issuance of the new coinage
• 30.09.1821
• Coinage Constitution in the Prussian States; effective 01.01.1826
• 01.01.1826
• Change of subsidiary coinage:
  - Start of issuance of the Silbergroschen = 360 Pfenning (30 to the Thaler)
  - the earlier 24 Gute Groschen = 288 Pfennige (24 to the Thaler) were not recalled and remained in circulation.
• Rating of the Pistol at
• 30.07.1838
• Treaty [Dresden Coinage Convention], links the Northern German and Southern German monetary areas; effective 01.01.1839:
  Treaty states in the Thaler area: Hesse (former Electorate), Prussia, Reuss (both lines), Saxony, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Gotha, Saxe-Weimar, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt-Unterherrschaft, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.
• 24.01.1857
• Treaty [Vienna Coinage Convention, "Wiener Münzverein"], linked the Northern German, Southern German and Austrian monetary areas; effective 01.05.1857
  Treaty states in the Thaler (Vereinstaler) area: Anhalt (both lines), Brunswick, Hanover, Hesse (former Electorate), Lippe, Oldenburg, Prussia (without Hohenzollern), Reuss (both lines), Saxony, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Gotha, Saxe-Weimar, Schaumburg-Lippe, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt-Unterherrschaft, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Waldeck & Pyrmont
• ??.??.1857
• Start of currency exchange:
  - ??.??.1857: Start of issuance of the new coinage
  - 31.10.1858: Demonetization of the former coins.
• 13.06.1867
• Treaty [German Customs Convention], links the Northern German and Southern German monetary areas (without Austria and Liechtenstein); effective 01.01.1868

Valuation Regimes

• 1750-1857
• Metallic currency based on circulating silver coins, additional gold coins without fixed rate against silver. Base weight is the Cologne mark / 16 Lot / 18 Grän at 233.856 grams.
• 1857-1875
• Metallic currency based on circulating silver coins, additional gold coins without fixed rate against silver. Base weight is the metric pound (called "Zollpfund") at 500 grams.

Timeline

• 07.11.1750
• Austrian coinage ordinance [Münzinstruktion] on the issuance of the Thaler (of 2 Guilders) at 20 pieces to the Cologne mark fine silver, which was already defined in the ordinances of 25.04.1747 and 30.07.1748); effective immediately (?)
• 20.09.1753
• Treaty [Bavarian-Austrian Coinage Convention], takes over the Austrian Thaler, hence referred to as "Konventionstaler", as well as the imperial Ducat; effective immediately
• 30.07.1754
• Bavarian Coinage ordinance, modifies the Guilder for Southern Germany to 24 pieces to the Cologne mark fine silver, to better fit the circulating subsidiary coinage (which the states were unable to withdraw); effective immediately
• ??.??.1754
• Start of issuance of the Convention Thaler and Southern German Guilder in Bavaria
• 21.02.1765
• Treaty [Frankfurt Coinage Treaty] on the adoption of the Southern German standard by Mainz, Trier, Palatinate, Hesse-Darmstadt, Frankfurt; effective immediately (?)
• 1800-1838
• Circulation of the Brabant Taler ("Kronentaler") in Southern Grmany:
  - 28.03.1793: Introduction of the silver coin in the Austrian Netherlands at 7¹¹⁄₁₂ pieces to the Cologne mark silver 13¹⁷⁄₁₈ lots (Thaler = 25'744.63mg AG fine)
  - subsequent overrating (by 2.19%) at 162 South German Kreuzer led to a displacement of the Convention coinage
  - 25.08.1837: The weight reduction of the Southern German Guilder while retaining the Thaler's rating at 162 Kreuzers reduced the overrating to 0.11%, and the Brabant Thalers were outmoded quickly.
• 25.08.1837
• Treaty [Munich Coinage Convention] on a reduction of the Southern German Guilder to 24½ pieces to the Cologne mark fine silver (alignment to the Northern German Thaler); effective 01.01.1838:
  Treaty states: Baden, Bavaria, Frankfurt, Hesse, Nassau, Württemberg.
• 30.07.1838
• Treaty [Dresden Coinage Convention], links the Northern German and Southern German monetary areas; effective 01.01.1839:
  Treaty states in the Guilder area: Baden, Bavaria, Frankfurt, Hesse, Nassau, Saxe-Coburg, Saxe-Meiningen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt-Oberherrschaft, Württemberg.
• 24.01.1857
• Treaty [Vienna Coinage Convention], links the Northern German, Southern German and Austrian monetary areas; effective 01.05.1857
  Treaty states in the Guilder (Vereinsgulden) area: Baden, Bavaria, Frankfurt, Hesse, Hesse-Homburg, Hohenzollern (Prussia), Nassau, Saxe-Coburg, Saxe-Meiningen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt-Oberherrschaft, Württemberg.
• ??.??.1857
• Start of currency exchange:
  - ??.??.1857: Start of issuance of the new coinage
  - 31.10.1858: Demonetization of the former coins.
• 13.06.1867
• Treaty [German Customs Convention], links the Northern German and Southern German monetary areas (without Austria and Liechtenstein); effective 01.01.1868

Valuation Regimes

• 1754-1857
• Metallic currency based on circulating silver coins, additional gold coins without fixed rate against silver. Base weight is the Cologne mark / 16 Lot / 18 Grän at 233.856 grams.
• 1857-1875
• Metallic currency based on circulating silver coins, additional gold coins without fixed rate against silver. Base weight is the metric pound (called "Zollpfund") at 500 grams.

Timeline

• Free and Hanseatic City of Bremen:
  - Accounting in (gold) Thalers, originally corresponding to a fifth of the French Pistol (Louis d'Or), after 1750 to a fifth of the Prussian Pistol (Frederick d'Or); no standardization was done
  - 19.09.1857: Currency law, adapts the Bremen Thaler to the Vienna Coinage Treaty (at Vereinskrone = 8.4 Thalers): 420 Thalers to the metric pound fine gold (Thaler = 1'190.48mg AU fine); effective immediately
  - 20.04.1872: Law on the introduction of the German Reichsmark; effective on 01.07.1872
  - 30.09.1872: Demonetization of Bremen banknotes and exchange into Reichsmark at a ratio of 10 Reichsmark = 3¹⁄₉₃ Thalers.
• Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg:
  - Accounting in Mark (Kurantmark), secondary accounting unit of "Banco Mark"
  - ??.??.1726: Currency law, defines 34 Kurantmark to the Cologne mark fine silver (Mark = 6'878.11mg AG fine); effective ??.??.1726
  - 08.07.1790: Definition of the Banco Mark at "on average" 27⅝ pieces to the Cologne mark fine silver
  - 15.08.1846: Definition of the Banco Mark at (exactly) 27¾ pieces to the Cologne mark fine silver (Banco Mark = 8'427.23mg AG fine)
  - 30.05.1856: Currency law on the reduction to 35 Kurantmark to the Cologne mark fine silver (Mark = 6'681.59mg AG fine); effective on 01.07.1856
  - 05.02.1868: Currency law, adapts the Kurantmark to the Vienna Coinage Treaty (at Vereinstaler = 2.5 Kurantmark): 75 Kurantmark to the metric pound fine silver (Mark = 6'666.67mg AG fine); in addition, the "Banco Mark" is fixed as 75 Kurantmark = 59⅓ Banco Mark; effective 01.07.1868
  - 11.11.1872: Law on the introduction of the German Reichsmark at a ratio of 10 Reichsmark = 8⅓ Kurantmark; effective 15.02.1873
• Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck:
  - Accounting in Hamburg currency; no local coinage 1801-1871.
• Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg - Lines: Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz:
  - 18.04.1755: Currency law, defines 11⅓ Thalers to the Cologne mark fine silver (Thaler = 20'643.35mg AG fine); due to the Seven Years' War implemented only in 1763
  - 12.01.1848 / 27.02.1848: Currency laws (Schwerin / Strelitz) on the adoption of the Prussian coinage standard: 14 Thalers to the Cologne mark fine silver (Thaler = 16'703.97mg AG fine); effective 01.05.1848
  - 05.02.1858: Ordinance (Schwerin), declares the coinage of the Vienna Coinage Union legal tender; effective immediately
  - 23.12.1871: Laws (Schwerin, Strelitz) on the introduction of the German Reichsmark at a ratio of 10 Reichsmark = 3⅓ Thalers; effective immediately
  - ??.??.1872: Issuance of subsidiary coinage of 5, 2, 1 Pfennig to the Reichsmark; the coins were outlawed by the Imperial Coinage Act of 09.07.1873 and withdrawn until 31.12.1877.
• Other territories:
  - Lauenburg and Schleswig-Holstein were in the Danish currency area until 1866 and were absorbed into Prussia afterwards. The Danish currency was demonetized per ordinance of 24.08.1867 at a ratio of 2 Northern German Thalers ("Vereinstaler") = 1 Danish Thaler = 30 Schleswig-Holstein Courant Schilling; effective 31.12.1867.
  - Limburg and Luxemburg were in the currency area of the Netherlands until 1866 and left the German Confederation afterwards.
  - Austria and Liechtenstein were in the Austrian currency area until 1866 and left the German Confederation afterwards.