Time Period: 1865-1913

Currency: Cape Verdean Milreis


Timeline

  • 19.10.1853
  • Portuguese ordinance on the introduction of Portuguese coins for circulation at the same rate as in Portugal and on the rating of foreign coins (which were not demonetized); effective 22.10.1853. Ratings:
    - Gold: Spanish Onza de Oro = 14.6 Portuguese Milreis, 10 US Dollars = 9.2 Portuguese Milreis, British Sovereign = 4.5 Portuguese Milreis.
  • 23.10.1865
  • Start of operations of the local branch of the Portuguese National Overseas Bank (est. 12.08.1864) at Praia (island of São Tiago):
    - Issuance of paper money that was initially not marked for Cape Verde; this began with the series issued on 02.01.1897.
  • 01.07.1886
  • Portuguese ordinance on the demonetization of all foreign silver coins; effective 01.01.1887

Valuation Regimes

  • 1865-1913
  • Nominal identical to the Portuguese Milreis, the convertibility of the local paper money was however limited.

Rate Arrangements

  • 01.10.1865
  • Fixed
  • Portuguese Milreis at 1 : 1


Time Period: 1914-

Currency: Cape Verdean Escudo


Timeline

  • 18.09.1913
  • Portuguese ordinance [No. 141] on the implementation of the Portuguese currency reform of 1911 in the colonies (except India); effective 01.01.1914
  • 01.01.1914
  • Start of currency exchange:
    - 01.01.1914: Start of issuance of the new banknotes and coins
    - The banknotes denominated in Milreis were not demonetized (?).
  • 27.06.1953
  • Portuguese general law [No. 2066] on the Overseas Territories: §72.II prescribed the unification of all colonial currencies; effective in stages per section
  • 31.12.1958
  • Start of currency exchange:
    - 01.01.1959: Start of issuance of the new banknotes
    - The 1952 subsidiary coins remained in circulation, and the former banknotes were not demonetized.
  • 29.09.1975
  • Law [No. 25] on the establishment of the Bank of Cape Verde as state-owned commercial bank with central bank function; effective upon constitution of the bank on 01.07.1976 (by law [No. 13] of 26.06.1976.
    - 16.07.1993: Law [No. 43] on the separation of the central bank and commercial bank functions (the latter continued in the state-owned "Commercial Bank of the Atlantic"); effective 01.09.1993.
  • 01.07.1977
  • Start of currency exchange after independence:
    - 01.07.1977: Start of issuance of the new banknotes and coins
    - The banknotes of the National Overseas Bank and the former subsidiary coins were not demonetized but gradually withdrawn.
  • 13.03.1998
  • Agreement ["de cooperação cambial"] between Cape Verde and Portugal on the pegging of the Cape Verdean Escudo to the Portuguese currency; effective 01.07.1998 (by Cape Verdean resolution [No. 81/V] of 18.05.1998 and Portuguese ordinance [No. 24] of 29.06.1998
  • 21.12.1998
  • Resolution of the European Council [No. 98/744/EC] on the continuation of the 1998 monetary cooperation agreement between Cape Verde and Portugal and the subsequent pegging of the Cape Verdean Escudo to the Euro; effective 01.01.1999

Valuation Regimes

  • 1914-1958
  • Nominally identical to the Portuguese Escudo, the convertibility of the local paper money was however limited
  • 1959-1977
  • Fixed rate against Portuguese Escudo
  • 1977-1998
  • Variable rate
  • 1998
  • Fixed rate against Portuguese Escudo
  • 1999-
  • Fixed rate against European Euro

Rate Arrangements

  • 01.01.1914
  • Fixed
  • Portuguese Escudo at 1 : 1
  • ±0.0%
  • 28.02.1977
  • Variable
  • initially: Portuguese Escudo at 1 : 1
  • ±0.0%
  • 30.03.1998
  • Fixed
  • Portuguese Escudo at 1 : 0.55
  • -
  • 01.01.1999
  • Fixed
  • European Euro at 1 : 110.265
  • ±0.0%


End-year Forex Rates (Units per US Dollar)