Timeline

• around 1760
• Start of issuance of so-called "red" Cash coins made of copper instead of brass like in mainland China for the areas south of the Tianshan Mountains; the rating was 1 "red" Cash = 5 standard Cash
• around 1892
• Start of issuance of silver coins of 5, 2, 1 Mishkal at several mints in Xinjiang; base weight was the Chinese Tael / 10 Mace / 10 Candareens / 10 Li at 37.313 grams (Kuping).
• around 1905
• Start of issuance of copper coins of 6, 1 "red" Cash at several mints in Xinjiang (1 Tael silver = 400 "red" Cash); after 1908 denominations of 10 "red" Cash were added
• around 1907
• Start of issuance of silver and copper coins to pay border troops (referred to as "soldiers' money"). The issuance of gold coins at a gold-to-silver ratio of 30 was quickly abandoned.
• around 1908
• Start of issuance of paper money by the Provincial Treasury in Dihua, denominated in Tael of 400 (red) Cash
  - During the republican time, note issuance and circulation differed between Dihua and Aksu prefectures (so-called "Provincial Notes") and Kashgar prefecture (so-called "Kashgar Notes")
• around 1933
• Start of issuance of silver and copper coins, as well as paper and cloth money, in the name of the "Republic of Uyghuristan" (or "Islamic Republic of East Turkestan", which existed between Nov-1933 and Apr-1934.

Timeline

• 01.07.1930
• Establishment of the Xinjiang Provincial Bank in Dihua as commercial bank without issuing privilege for paper money
  - 01.01.1939: Nationalization of the Provincial Bank and reorganization into the Xinjiang Commercial Bank with issuing privilege for paper money
  - 01.12.1948: Name change back to Xinjiang Provincial Bank.
  - 01.10.1950: Integration into the People's Bank of China.
• 01.02.1939
• Government resolution on the currency reform; effective immediately
• 01.02.1939
• Start of currency exchange:
  - 01.02.1939: Start of issuance of paper money by the Xinjiang Commercial Bank
  - Earlier notes were exchanged at 1 Xinjiang Dollar (1939) = 80 Tael (Kashgar Notes) = 2'000 Taels (Provincial Notes)
  - Silver coins were redeemed as bullion.

Valuation Regimes

• 1939-1948
• Fixed rate against Chinese Dollar (1935), did not follow the Chinese 1942 devaluation
• 1948-1949
• Fixed rate against Chinese Dollar (1948)

Timeline

• 20.05.1949
• Presidential decree on the currency reform based on the 1933 silver standard; effective immediately
• 20.05.1949
• Start of currency exchange:
  - 20.05.1949: Start of issuance of the new paper money by the Xinjiang Provincial Bank
  - The previous notes were not demonetized (?).
• 20.05.1949
• Start of issuance of silver Yuan coins in the standard of 0.72 Kuping taels silver 0.900 fine
  - Oct-1949: Start of issuance of Yuan coins with date "1949" instead of "38" after the overthrow of the Nationalist government
  - Nov-1949: Termination of coin production and convertibility between silver coins and paper money
• 01.10.1951
• Start of currency exchange after the full annexation by the People's Republic:
  - 01.10.1951: Start of issuance of new paper money (with Uyghur inscriptions)
  - 30.10.1951: End of exchange period and demonetization of the former currency exchange at a rate of 1 Chinese Yuan (1948) = 350 Xinjiang (Silver) Yuan (1949).

Valuation Regimes

• 1949-1951
• Fixed rate against silver with circulating silver coins; The notes de facto depreciated quickly against silver, reaching a rate of 1 : 12 by end September
• 1950-1951
• Fixed rate against Chinese Renminbi Yuan (1948)