Turkmen has used different writing systems:
- until early 20th century: Persian-Arabic writing
- 1929: Latin-based writing (for all Altaic languages in the USSR)
- 1939: Cyrillic-based writing (for all Altaic languages in the USSR)
- Post-independence: Latin-based writing which has been adjusted several times during the 1990s.

Geography & Politics


Epochs

  • ENG
  • Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic of Turkestan
  • TUK
  • ARAB
  • ENG
  • Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic [1925-1929]
  • TUK
  • توركمنستان ...
  • ARAB ...turkmenistân
  • ENG
  • Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic [1929-1940]
  • TUK
  • ...Tyrkmenistan
  • ENG
  • Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic [1940-1991]
  • TUK
  • Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы
  • CYRL Türkmenistan Sowet Sotsialistik Respublikasy
  • ENG
  • Republic of Turkmenistan
  • TUK
  • Türkmenistan Jumhuriyäti

Currencies


Units

  • ENG
  • Tenge (= 1/100 Manat)
  • TUK
  • Teññe [1990-2000]
    Teňňe [2000- ]

Institutions