Time Period: 1965-

Currency: 1st Croatian Kuna


Timeline

  • 07.07.1941
  • Currency Act; effective immediately
  • 26.07.1941
  • Start of currency exchange:
    - 26.07.1941: Start of issuance of Croatian banknotes (German and Italian paper money were admitted as legal tender)
    - 31.12.1941: Demonetization of the Yugoslav, German and Italian paper money
    - 25.09.1942: Start of issuance of Croatian coins
    - 31.12.1942: Demonetization of the Yugoslav coins.
  • Sept. 1943
  • Croatia retook portions of Dalmatia previously annexed by Italy. The currency exchange occured at a rate of 1 Croatian Kuna (1941) = 2 Italian Lire (no details).

Valuation Regimes

  • 1941-1945
  • Fixed rate against German Reichsmark. The official rate became inoperative in September 1942 and was replaced by a highly inflationary effective rate.

Rate Arrangements

  • 07.07.1941
  • Fixed
  • German Reichsmark at 1 : 20 (Official rate)
  • -12.0%
  • ??.09.1942
  • Fixed
  • German Reichsmark at 1 : 40 (Effective rate)
  • -50.0%
  • ??.03.1943
  • Fixed
  • German Reichsmark at 1 : 60 (Effective rate)
  • -33.3%
  • ??.09.1944
  • Fixed
  • German Reichsmark at 1 : 120 (Effective rate)
  • -50.0%


Time Period: 1945-1991

Timeline

  • ??.06.1945
  • Yugoslavian ordinance on the demonetization of the Croatian currency; effective immediately:
    - 30.06.1945: Start of redemption of the Croatian currency
    - Per person cash up to 3'500 Yugoslav Dinars (1945) was exchanged at a rate of 7 Croatian Kuna (1941) = 1'000 Yugoslav Dinars (1945)
    - In Srijem (annexed to Serbia), per person cash up to 5'000 Yugoslav Dinars (1945) was exchanged at a rate of 25 Croatian Kuna (1941) = 1'000 Yugoslav Dinars (1945)
    - 09.07.1945: End of exchange period and demonetization of the Croatian currency.


Time Period: 1991-1994

Currency: Croatian Dinar


Timeline

  • 08.10.1991
  • Provisional Central Bank Act; effective immediately (formally enacted on 04.11.1992)
  • 19.12.1991
  • Government resolution on the introduction of an intermediate currency to withdraw from the Yugoslav economic area; effective immediately
  • 23.12.1991
  • Start of currency exchange:
    - 23.12.1991: Start of issuance of Croatian banknotes
    - 31.12.1991: End of exchange period and demonetization of the Yugoslav currency.

Valuation Regimes

  • 1991-1992
  • Fixed rate against German Mark
  • 1992-1994
  • Variable rate, hyper-inflationary

Rate Arrangements

  • 23.12.1991
  • Fixed
  • German Mark at 1 : 13
  • ±0.0%
  • 15.01.1992
  • Fixed
  • German Mark at 1 : 55
  • -76.4%
  • 06.03.1992
  • Fixed
  • German Mark at 1 : 67
  • -17.9%
  • 18.04.1992
  • Variable
  • initially: German Mark at 1 : 94
  • -28.7%


Time Period: 1994-2022

Currency: 2nd Croatian Kuna


Timeline

  • 23.07.1993
  • Currency Act; effective 30.05.1994
  • 30.05.1994
  • Start of currency exchange:
    - 30.05.1994: Start of issuance of the new banknotes and coins
    - 31.12.1994: Demonetization of the former currency.

Valuation Regimes

  • 1994-2022
  • Variable rate

Rate Arrangements

  • 30.05.1994
  • Variable
  • initially: US Dollar at 1 : 6.121
  • ±0.0%


Time Period: 2023-

Timeline

  • 12.07.2022
  • Decision of the European Council [No. 2022/1211] on the adherence of Croatia to the European Monetary Union; effective 01.01.2023
  • 12.07.2022
  • Ordinance of the European Council [No. 2022/1208] on the irrevocable conversion rate; effective 01.01.2023
  • 01.01.2023
  • Start of currency exchange:
    - 01.01.2023: Start of issuance of banknotes and coins denominated in Euro
    - 14.01.2023: Demonetization of the banknotes and coins in Croatian Kuna.


End-year Forex Rates (Units per US Dollar)