Time Period: 1813-1881

Currency: 1st Argentine Peso


Timeline

  • 13.04.1813
  • Resolution of the (Provisional) General Constituent Assembly on the validity of the bimetallic currency for the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata with a gold-to-silver ratio of 8 Escudos (gold) = 17 Pesos (silver); effective immediately
    - 07.05.1813: Conquest of Potosí mint by the insurgents and first coin issuance for Rio de la Plata (them mint was retaken by Spain on 01.11.1813).
    - ??.04.1815: Conquest of Potosí mint by the insurgents and second coin issuance for Rio de la Plata (the mint was retaken for good by Spain on 29.11.1815).
    - 15.08.1824: Foundation of La Rioja mint and subsequent third coin issuance for Rio de la Plata.
  • 27.05.1820
  • Government resolution on the issuance of state paper money in Buenos Aires, called "Peso Corriente"; effective immediately
  • 23.02.1822
  • Law on the establishment of the Discount Bank (Bank of Buenos Aires) as partially state-owned commercial bank with issuing privilege for paper money; effective upon constitution of the bank on 06.09.1822 (the bank failed in 1826 and was liquidated in 1828).
  • 09.01.1826
  • Government resolution of Buenos Aires on the suspension of the convertibility of the paper money; effective immediately
  • 26.01.1826
  • Law on the establishment of the National Bank (of the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata) as state-owned commercial bank with issuing privilege for paper money; effective upon constitution of the bank on 11.02.1826
  • 30.05.1836
  • Presidential decree on the closure of the National Bank and transfer of the issuing privilege for paper money to the State Mint; effective immediately
  • 09.12.1853
  • Law on the establishment of the National Bank of the Argentine Confederation as state-owned commercial and central bank; effective upon constitution of the bank on 03.02.1854
  • 26.01.1854
  • Ordinance of the Argentine Confederation on the issuance decimal subsidiary coins in copper; put into circulation on 18.01.1855 (not in Buenos Aires)
  • 10.10.1854
  • Law on the establishment of the Bank of Buenos Aires as state-owned commercial and central bank; effective immediately (the bank had already opened for business on 01.01.1854 based on a government resolution of 28.12.1853
  • 21.07.1857
  • Government resolution of Buenos Aires on the stabilization of the paper money against silver at a rate of 1 Peso (silver) = 25 Pesos Corrientes (paper); effective immediately
  • 27.10.1864
  • Law ["Conversión Monetaria"] of the Argentine Republic, adopted the silver-to-paper ratio of 1 : 25 throughout the country; effective immediately

Valuation Regimes

  • 1813-1826
  • Metallic currency based on circulating gold and silver coins. Base weight was the Castilian mark / 8 ounces / 8 octaves / 72 grains at 230.047 grams.
  • 1826-1857
  • Variable rate of the paper currency against the specie coins.
  • 1857-1881
  • Fixed rate of the paper currency against silver.

Rate Arrangements

  • 18.04.1815
  • Metallic
  • Peso: 24'245.10mg AG fine; Escudo: 2'960.16mg AU fine
  • 8½ Pesos (68 Reals) to the Castilian mark of 10¾-deniers silver; 68 Escudos to the Castilian mark of 21-carats gold; 17 Pesos = 1 Escudo => AU : AG = 16.381
  • 21.07.1857
  • Fixed
  • [Silver parity] 969.80mg AG fine


Time Period: 1881-1969

Currency: 2nd Argentine Peso


Timeline

  • 05.11.1872
  • Law [No. 581] on the establishment of the National Bank of Argentina as state-owned commercial and central bank; effective upon constitution of the bank on 01.08.1873
  • 29.09.1875
  • Law [No. 773] on the creation of a national currency in the gold standard of 600 Pesos to the kilogram gold 0.900 fine; effective immediately (no coins were produced)
  • 24.10.1876
  • Withdrawal of Bolivian coins in the northern provinces and exchange into state paper money at a rate of 1 Boliviano = 0.90 Pesos (paper)
  • 01.03.1880
  • Withdrawal of Bolivian coins of ⅕ Boliviano (called "Chirola") in the northern provinces and exchange into state paper money at rate of initially 0.14 Pesos, later 0.16 Pesos; implemented until 22.02.1882
  • 05.11.1881
  • Law [No. 1130] on the adoption of the bimetallic standard of the Latin Monetary Union for the national currency; effective immediately
  • 19.10.1883
  • Law [No. 1354], ordered the commercial bank to issue paper money exclusively in gold (de facto adoption of the gold standard); effective immediately (?)
  • 14.10.1885
  • Law [No. 1734] on the suspension of the convertibility of paper money; effective immediately.
    - The notes of the National Bank had already been declared inconvertible by decree of 09.01.1885.
  • 03.11.1887
  • Law [No. 2216] on the creation of a system of "National Guaranteed Banks (Bancos Nacionales Garantidos)" which were allowed to issue paper money under supervision by the National Bank; effective immediately (?)
  • 07.10.1890
  • Law [No. 2741] on the creation of the "Exchange Office (Caja de Conversión)" as a currency board to handle the monetary crisis; effective upon constitution of the office on 17.11.1890
  • 16.10.1891
  • Law [No. 2841] on the liquidation of the National Bank and creation of the Bank of the Argentine Nation as successor as state-owned commercial and central bank; effective upon take over of operations on 18.10.1891
  • 04.12.1895
  • Ordinance [No. 3321] on the termination of the issuance of gold and silver coins; effective immediately (?)
  • 31.10.1899
  • Law [No. 3871] on the re-establishment of the gold standard at 44% of 1881 and exchange of the circulating paper money; effective 04.11.1899.
  • 28.03.1935
  • Law [No. 12155] on the establishment of the Central Bank of the Argentine Republic (splitting off the central bank functions of the Bank of the Argentine Nation); effective upon constitution of the bank on 31.05.1935

Valuation Regimes

  • 1881-1899
  • Currency based on circulating gold coins and paper money (silver coins circulated as subsidiary)
  • 1899-1914
  • Fixed rate against gold
  • 1914-1927
  • Variable rate around the former gold parity (convertibility suspended temporarily on 09.08.1914, indefinitely on 30.09.1914)
  • 1927-1929
  • Fixed rate against gold (at the former parity)
  • 1929-1949
  • Variable rate (gold parity suspended on 16.12.1929)
  • 1949-1959
  • Fixed base rate (official) against US Dollar, restricted to essential transactions. Most transactions at variable effective rates (non-essential imports/exports).
  • 1959-1967
  • Variable rate
  • 1967-1969
  • Fixed rate against US Dollar

Rate Arrangements

  • 13.10.1883
  • Metallic
  • Peso: 1'451.61mg AU fine
  • 620 Pesos to the kilogram of 0.900 gold
  • 31.10.1899
  • Fixed
  • [Gold parity] 638.71mg AG fine
  • -56.0%
  • 09.08.1914
  • Variable
  • initially: [Gold parity] 638.71mg AG fine
  • ±0.0%
  • 25.04.1927
  • Fixed
  • [Gold parity] 638.71mg AG fine
  • -
  • 16.12.1929
  • Variable
  • initially: US Dollar at 1 : 4
  • -41.1%
  • 03.10.1949
  • Fixed
  • US Dollar at 1 : 4.72 - Base rate
  • -
  • 28.08.1950
  • Fixed
  • US Dollar at 1 : 5 - Base rate
  • -5.7%
  • 28.10.1955
  • Fixed
  • US Dollar at 1 : 18 [Gold parity (09.01.1957)] 49.37mg AU fine - Official rate
  • -72.2%
  • 02.01.1959
  • Variable
  • initially: US Dollar at 1 : 64.95
  • -72.3%
  • 13.03.1967
  • Fixed
  • US Dollar at 1 : 350
  • -


Time Period: 1970-1983

Currency: 3rd Argentine Peso


Timeline

  • 05.04.1969
  • Law [No. 18188] on the currency reform; effective 01.01.1970
  • 01.01.1970
  • Start of currency exchange:
    - 01.01.1970: Start of issuance of the new banknotes and coins
    - 30.06.1975: Demonetization of the former currency.

Valuation Regimes

  • 1970-1975
  • Fixed rate against US Dollar
  • 1975-1983
  • Variable rate, highly inflationary

Rate Arrangements

  • 01.01.1970
  • Fixed
  • US Dollar at 1 : 3.50
  • ±0.0%
  • 18.06.1970
  • Fixed
  • US Dollar at 1 : 4.00
  • -12.5%
  • 06.04.1971
  • Fixed
  • US Dollar at 1 : 4.04
  • -1.0%
  • 30.05.1971
  • Fixed
  • US Dollar at 1 : 4.12
  • -1.9%
  • 07.06.1971
  • Fixed
  • US Dollar at 1 : 4.20
  • -1.9%
  • 25.06.1971
  • Fixed
  • US Dollar at 1 : 4.40
  • -4.5%
  • 30.07.1971
  • Fixed
  • US Dollar at 1 : 4.70
  • -6.4%
  • 25.08.1971
  • Fixed
  • US Dollar at 1 : 5.00
  • -6.0%
  • 03.03.1975
  • Variable
  • initially: US Dollar at 1 : 10.00
  • -50.0%


Time Period: 1983-1985

Currency: 4th Argentine Peso


Timeline

  • 06.01.1983
  • Law [No. 22707] on the currency reform; effective 01.06.1983
  • 01.06.1983
  • Start of currency exchange:
    - 01.06.1983: Start of issuance of the new banknotes and coins
    - The former banknotes and coins continued to circulate and were demonetized only after the next currency reform (coins on 19.07.1985, banknotes on 30.11.1987).

Valuation Regimes

  • 1983-1985
  • Variable rate, highly inflationary

Rate Arrangements

  • 01.06.1983
  • Variable
  • initially: US Dollar at 1 : 8.11
  • ±0.0%


Time Period: 1985-1991

Currency: Argentine Austral


Timeline

  • 14.06.1985
  • Presidential decree [No. 1096] on the currency change; effective immediately
  • 15.06.1985
  • Start of currency exchange:
    - 15.06.1985: Start of conversion of accounts at a rate of 1 : 1'000; the rate was adapted on a daily basis
    - 31.07.1985: End of conversion of accounts, final rate: 1 : 1'477.646.
    - 23.09.1985: Start of issuance of the new subsidiary coins
    - 31.10.1985: Start of issuance of overprinted banknotes, gradually complemented with new banknotes
    - 30.11.1987: Demonetization of the former currency and of the overprinted banknotes.

Valuation Regimes

  • 1985-1991
  • Variable with multiple rates, highly inflationary

Rate Arrangements

  • 15.06.1985
  • Variable
  • initially: US Dollar at 1 : 0.80
  • -2.1%


Time Period: 1992-

Currency: 5th Argentine Peso


Timeline

  • 10.10.1991
  • Presidential decree [No. 2128] on the currency reform; effective 01.01.1992
  • 02.01.1992
  • Start of currency exchange:
    - 02.01.1992: Start of issuance of the new banknotes and coins
    - 01.01.1993: Demonetization of the former currency.
  • 06.01.2002
  • Law [No. 25561] on the termination of the fixed rate regime against the US Dollar; effective 11.01.2002 (by decree [No. 71] of 10.01.2002 which also established the devaluation)

Valuation Regimes

  • 1992-2002
  • Fixed rate against US Dollar
  • 2002-
  • Variable rate

Rate Arrangements

  • 01.01.1992
  • Fixed
  • US Dollar at 1 : 1
  • -0.1%
  • 11.01.2002
  • Variable
  • initially: US Dollar at 1 : 1.40
  • -28.6%


End-year Forex Rates (Units per US Dollar)